基于电化学技术的microRNA生物传感器

MicroRNA(miRNA)是一种内源性的非编码单链RNA,通过与mRNA的3'端非翻译区(UTR)的不完全互补或完全互补结合抑制靶mRNA的翻译或促使靶mRNA的降解来调控基因的表达,参与细胞的增殖、凋亡、分化和代谢等重要过程。MiRNA表达的变化可以起到癌基因和抑癌基因的作用,是一种潜在的肿瘤标志物,因此,miRNA的检测技术引起了人们的关注。由于电化学检测方法具有灵敏、快速、低成本和低能耗等特点,研究者广泛开展了应用电化学技术来发展miRNA检测的研究。本文将对基于电化学技术的miRNA检测方法进行综述。     

Quasi-square-shaped cadmium hydroxide nanocatalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction with high efficiency

Powered by a renewable electricity source, electrochemical CO₂ reduction reaction is a promising solution to facilitate the carbon balance. However, it is still a challenge to achieve a desired product with commercial current density and high efficiency. Herein we designed quasi-square-shaped cadmium hydroxide nanocatalysts for CO₂ electroreduction to CO. It was discovered that the catalyst is very active and selective for the reaction. The current density could be as high as 200 mA cm⁻² with a nearly 100% selectivity in a commonly used H-type cell using the ionic liquid-based electrolyte. In addition, the faradaic efficiency of CO could reach 90% at a very low overpotential of 100 mV. Density functional theory studies and control experiments reveal that the outstanding performance of the catalyst was attributed to its unique structure. It not only provides low Cd–O coordination, but also exposes high activity (002) facet, which requires lower energy for the formation of CO. Besides, the high concentration of CO can be achieved from the low concentration CO₂via an adsorption-electrolysis device.

Quasi-square cadmium hydroxide nanocrystals (Cdhy-QS) showed outstanding performance for electroreduction CO₂ to CO.     

氧化物稀磁半导体的研究进展

稀磁半导体是一种能同时利用电子的电荷和自旋属性,并兼具铁磁性能和半导体性能的自旋电子学材料。本文主要介绍ZnO、In2O3等氧化物稀磁半导体的研究进展,一是从实验角度介绍其制备、结构、磁性、电输运性质等特性;二是从理论角度对其磁交换能、电子结构、居里温度和磁性产生的机制进行阐述;三是在稀磁半导体的基础上进一步延伸,介绍其相关的异质结构的磁电阻效应,并在文章的最后对氧化物稀磁半导体的研究进行总结和展望。     

非球面数字波面检测技术

提出了一种快速检测浅度非球面（非球面度小于0.01 mm）的方法,该方法无需补偿器或其他辅助光学元件进行零位补偿。用移相干涉仪直接测量正轴或离轴的浅度凹非球面,剔除平移、倾斜、失焦等调整误差后,得到实际被测镜面的面形分布数据;根据正轴或离轴的浅度凹非球面矢高方程计算理想非球面的面形分布数据,得到理论波面数据,用实测的面形分布数据减去理论的面形分布数据即可得到被检非球面的剩余波像差,即面形误差。利用该方法测量了一口径为135 mm的双曲面,并用零位补偿法加以验证。两种方法的检测结果精度相当,说明数字波面法可实际应用于正轴或离轴的浅度凹非球面的检测。     

荧光石墨烯量子点制备及其在细胞成像中的应用

利用电化学方法在碱性条件下电解石墨棒, 通过常温下水合肼还原, 得到5～10 nm的荧光石墨烯量子点(Graphene Quantum Dots, GQDs). 通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)对所制备的GQDs进行形貌表征, GQDs的粒子大小均一, 为单层石墨烯. 通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、荧光光谱(PL)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)、X 射线衍射光谱(XRD)对所制备的GQDs进行性质测定, 发现GQDs可以发出黄色荧光, 量子产率为14%, 毒性低、具有良好的水溶性、荧光稳定性和生物兼容性, 可顺利进入细胞, 在肿瘤细胞的成像研究方面具有广泛的应用前景.     

基于VMM的SATA控制器功能验证

针对专用集成电路(ASIC)设计中功能验证的效率和完备性问题,以验证方法学手册(VMM)为基础搭建了串行高级技术附件(SATA)控制器分层式验证平台.验证组件的实现大量重用验证知识产权核(VIP),在采用随机激励的基础上以覆盖率统计驱动验证的过程,根据SATA控制器的功能设计记分牌进行结果的自动化比对.实验结果表明,这些方法提高了功能验证的效率,保证了验证的完备性,最终功能覆盖率达到98.25%.     

A Fast Approach to Removing Muscle Artifacts for EEG with Signal Serialization Based Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition

An electroencephalogram (EEG) is an electrophysiological signal reflecting the functional state of the brain. As the control signal of the brain–computer interface (BCI), EEG may build a bridge between humans and computers to improve the life quality for patients with movement disorders. The collected EEG signals are extremely susceptible to the contamination of electromyography (EMG) artifacts, affecting their original characteristics. Therefore, EEG denoising is an essential preprocessing step in any BCI system. Previous studies have confirmed that the combination of ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) can effectively suppress EMG artifacts. However, the time-consuming iterative process of EEMD may limit the application of the EEMD-CCA method in real-time monitoring of BCI. Compared with the existing EEMD, the recently proposed signal serialization based EEMD (sEEMD) is a good choice to provide effective signal analysis and fast mode decomposition. In this study, an EMG denoising method based on sEEMD and CCA is discussed. All of the analyses are carried out on semi-simulated data. The results show that, in terms of frequency and amplitude, the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) decomposed by sEEMD are consistent with the IMFs obtained by EEMD. There is no significant difference in the ability to separate EMG artifacts from EEG signals between the sEEMD-CCA method and the EEMD-CCA method (p > 0.05). Even in the case of heavy contamination (signal-to-noise ratio is less than 2 dB), the relative root mean squared error is about 0.3, and the average correlation coefficient remains above 0.9. The running speed of the sEEMD-CCA method to remove EMG artifacts is significantly improved in comparison with that of EEMD-CCA method (p < 0.05). The running time of the sEEMD-CCA method for three lengths of semi-simulated data is shortened by more than 50%. This indicates that sEEMD-CCA is a promising tool for EMG artifact removal in real-time BCI systems.     

Growth and photorefractive properties of Mg:Ce:Cu:LiNbO3 crystals grown by Czochralski method

In this paper, photorefractive properties of Mg:Ce:Cu:LiNbO₃ crystals were studied. The crystals doped with different concentration of Mg ions have been grown by the Czochralski method. Mg concentrations in grown crystals were analyzed by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OE/MS). The crystal structures were analyzed by the X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) absorption spectra and infrared (IR) transmitatance spectra. The photorefractive properties of crystals were experimentally studied by using two‐beam coupling. In this experiment we determined the writing time, maximum diffraction efficiency and the erasure time of crystals samples with He‐Ne laser. The results showed that the dynamic range (M/#), sensitivity (S) and diffraction efficiency (η) were dependent on the Mg doping concentration, and the Mg(4.58mol%):Ce:Cu:LiNbO₃ crystal was the most proper holographic recording media material among the six crystals studied in the paper. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

SIMCA分类法与PLS算法结合近红外光谱应用于卷烟纸的质量控制

应用SIMCA分类法与PLS算法结合卷烟纸的傅里叶变换近红外光谱(FT-NIR)建立了卷烟纸的分类模型,用于卷烟纸的判别分类,效果良好;同时,建立了测定卷烟纸定量、厚度、透气度、水分和灰分等性质的校正模型,其相应的相关系数分别为0.976 8,0.966 4,0.947 0,0.956 3和0.975 9;全交互校验均方残差分别为0.561 4,0.096 0,1.274 1,0.096 7和0.260 3。校正模型应用于样品实测,结果准确,令人满意。     

瓜环对氨基酸的分子识别研究

使用¹H NMR和UV-Vis光谱法研究了七、八元瓜环对九种天然氨基酸盐酸盐的分子识别作用. 结果表明, 瓜环对芳香侧基取代的L-酪氨酸、L-色氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸均能进行有效识别, 而侧链上不带芳香基团的氨基酸, 如L-组氨酸、L-谷氨酸、L-蛋氨酸、L-缬氨酸、L-白氨酸、L-丙氨酸, 与这些瓜环的作用相对较弱. 对于七元瓜环, 主客体间都以1∶1化学计量比形成包结物, 并得到它们相互作用的稳定常数; 八元瓜环与L-酪氨酸及L-色氨酸也以1∶1形成包结物, 而与L-苯丙氨酸以1∶2形成包结物. L-酪氨酸、L-色氨酸和L-苯丙氨酸荧光性质研究表明, 七、八元瓜环既可成为这些氨基酸荧光性质的增敏试剂, 也可成为它们荧光淬灭试剂, 这与氨基酸的结构有关.